Advantages and Disadvantages of Television Essay

In today modern world television is the most popular and recognized from of media and most homes in the western and developed worlds own one. That small (in some cases rather large) box sitting in your lounge is your connection to the outside world. It is an indispensable item and many of us cannot imagine life without it. As with everything there are advantages and disadvantages with the television. The main advantage is televisions ability to bring you news as it happens. A second advantage is the fact we are using more than one sense when viewing. The final advantage in this essay is the vast amount of information and documentaries available for viewing. However the first disadvantage is the amount of time spent watching television is often considered a waste of time. The second disadvantage is the fact that families may be in the same room but with the television on may not even acknowledge each other. The final disadvantage illustrated in this essay is that young children are of ten being exposed to sex scenes and scenes of violence. Read more: Television advantages and disadvantages essay Firstly, for many of us the television is our first or only source of news and current events. Most channels have news updates up to four times a day and current affairs programmes which take a deeper look at the news that has affected the world that day or week. Theses programmes are often family friendly and are sometimes the only form of media available or easy to understand for children or non-speakers of English. These news shows keep people up to date on the outside world it is possible to know everything that happened in a day without even going outside. However these news shows can try and monopolize people’s opinions and be a bias to one political party or one side of a war. Secondly, what many of us do not realise is that we use at least two senses to enjoy television. We use our eyes to watch the television screen and the visual on the screen. We also use our ears or hearing to listen to the dialogue and noises on the screen. Compared to other forms of media which usually involve only one sense e.g. the radio only requires the hearing sense and a book only requires sight. Even though the television lets us see and hear things it can cause eyesight problems and many people turn there televisions up which can cause hearing problems. The final advantage is the vast amount of educational programming available for viewing particularly on channels like the discovery channel and national geographic which can educate and stimulate people and wet every audience member’s appetite. It is also the fastest way to improve your knowledge and help you learn something completely new. Where else can you learn about Marylyn Monroe and Winston Churchill in the same afternoon? Many people who cannot afford university or night courses or simply just want a basic knowledge of one particular subject or event. Use documentaries to quench their thirst for learning. The first disadvantage is that many people do not realise how much time they spend watching television if you spend one hour a day watching television. That is 365 hours a year and 3607 hours in ten years. You can only imagine what you could do with that time, it is possible to learn a language or do a university course. Many value their television shows over exercise or physical activity which can lead to obesity and ‘couch potato’. Many people also feel the desire to watch a favourite television show every day or every week and neglect social commitments and therefore becoming anti-social. A second disadvantage is that many people neglect their families so they can watch television. A family may be in the same room but would not say a word to each other or acknowledge each other. Many families now also eat dinner in front of the television which means normal dinner table conversation is lost. Most large families also have multiple televisions so that each member can watch the programme they would like to watch this means that some families may spend less than an hour in each others company before going to bed. A final disadvantage of watching television is the violence and sex scenes that young children are often exposed too. Many of us find shows with crime or violence entertaining but these are not suitable for children of young ages. These scenes are practically common on crime dramas. Children may not intentionally be being exposed but by simply being in or near the same room as an older child or adult watching the programme. With children being exposed to these scenes it can corrupt there innocent minds leading them in some extreme cases become violent to other children. It can also lead to more permanent problems such as violence or evil thoughts well into adulthood. Fortunately this can be easily avoided or reversed by not allowing young children to view these programmes by placing them in a different room from the television or sending them to bed. In conclusion television is perhaps the world’s greatest invention though it is possible it will one day be replaced by something resembling a computer it is still indispensable devise that takes up our time to exercise or our family time it can also have scenes that corrupt young minds. As Winston Churchill once said ‘the best things are either immoral or bad for you’ television is best in moderation. So next time you’re bored don’t turn on the television go out and play some sport. in todays modern world. Television however has advantages and disadvantages as illustrated in this essay. It can be an educational, multi-sensory communication

A380 Globalisation Essay

Describe how the A380 is both the product of and a contributor to globalization. An Airbus is the name of an Airline Company. This company makes a particular plane called the A380. The A380 is a is a four-engined, double-decked airplane made by Airbus. It is the world’s biggest passenger airplane, bigger than a Boeing 747 Jumbo Jet. But, it is not the biggest airplane in the world because the Antonov An-225 is the biggest in the world.The Airbus A380 can carry up to 850 passengers (but it usually carries about 525), and weighs over 550 tonnes. It has four Rolls-Royce Trent 900 engines or four Engine Alliance GP7000 engines. The companies General Electric and Pratt & Whitney make alliance engines. The A380 is a product of globalization because engineers have produced different parts of the aircraft in different parts of the world. Lots of the Aircrafts parts have been made in so many different countries and shipped back to the place where it was to be fully made. France, German y, Spain and the United Kingdom all helped making these planes with the materials and parts they send. This makes it a product of globalization because it has been and affected different parts of the world. As of July there are 138 Airbus A380 planes. The A380 is a contributor to globalization because it helps carry people across the globe to a huge amount of different countries. The A380 is very special, mainly because of its size. It is a double decker plane, and it is the world’s biggest passenger airplane. The A380 mainly uses these airlines: Emirates, Singapore Airlines, Qantas and Lufthansa. These airlines can basically get you around the world. I think that the A380 is good for globalisation because it connects lots lf different countries together as a transport and helps people get to their destination. The A380 is a major contributor to globalisation and helps people to travel, it is a big thing in globalisation and I think that its a great way to travel.

Questions Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Questions - Coursework Example However, instability was conceivably an essential precondition for progress. The Athenians particularly dominate the history of political instability that resulted to the archisonship of Solon, the constitution of Clisthenes and the Persian Wars (Smith et al. 292-314). The other key feature of the Hellenic Polis was the Athenian Democracy that was truly â€Å"rule by the people† where every citizen had privileges and responsibilities under the law requiring their full participation and engagement in the government. This was after reforms on the Athenian constitution. This was the first democratic government to flourish in the world, with the citizens able to participate in the government (Smith et al. 323). The Romans were creative in creating and maintaining their empire. This is because the Romans had the intentions of conquering other lands that had riches and which would make Rome wealthy (Smith et al. 409). The Romans made unparalleled progresses in technology and science and organized the economy that was unparalleled in the Mediterranean. They were creative in maintain the empire because they ensured that they had distinct engineering components that would assist them conquer other neighboring lands (Smith et al. 419-28). They also established a legal code that would assist in governing the states. However, the Romans may not have been creative in creating the empire. They over expanded and would not maintain power in all the regions of the empire as the supplies to the military was

Port Security Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Port Security - Assignment Example Since great numbers of trucks move in and out of ports it is easier for the terrorist to carry harmful things to the port vicinity. Some ports also have fishing and recreational boats that terrorists could use as an aid in performing their terrorist activities. Terrorist can use the shipping system to import weapons of mass destruction and other hazardous materials. Even smuggling of personnel can be a thing of major threat. If terrorist attack the sea port with nuclear bomb a large area can be destroyed. Seaports attack can cause local and international destruction as it is globally connected. As there is lot of embarkation and disembarkation happening in the sea ports it is difficult to detect mal practices. Radical elements can import biological and chemical weapons to destroy the country which is a matter of great concern. The coast guards are the major unit active in the port area to maintain the security system. The security atmosphere at seaports remains uncertain because of port infrastructure remaining uncompleted and also due to lack of proper co ordination in conveying of information about threats. â€Å"There is a wide range of vulnerabilities at seaports, including critical infrastructure such as bridges and refineries, shipping containers with unknown contents, and the enormous volume of foreign and domestic shipping traffic† (Decker,2002). Ports operate in a complex mode transport system, and weak linkages between components may result higher vulnerability Large scale military deployment would require to transport equipment needed by military heavily by sea .If the ports are attacked there could be a severe civilian causality and they could lose time and also cargo. Since infrastructure is inefficient the full potentiality of deployment cannot be utilized. There is lack of central authority to monitor the activities of the personnel installed along the ports. Moreover during the course of deployment there can be non government

The Corporate Culture of Google and the Core Principles That Drive Essay

The Corporate Culture of Google and the Core Principles That Drive Them - Essay Example From its few employees, Google has now leapt to a gargantuan organization of 20,000 plus employees (Google). The company however strove to avoid the culture of being big and always actively maintain that â€Å"small feel company†. Google as a company always strove to ward-off conservatism that can be seen as companies mature. â€Å"We are actively trying to prevent middle-agedom,† explains Eric Schmidt, Google’s current chief executive (The Economist). And this youthfulness which had brought in innovative products such as Google Maps is best reflected in its corporate culture to reinforce the mindset that made it what it is today. Google’s distinct, perhaps unorthodox culture can be readily observed in its headquarters in Mountain View, California which Google calls its campus as Googleplex-a combination of the words â€Å"Google† and â€Å"complex† (Google). It actively creates an environment of interaction among its employees where it offer s its employees to eat free in its coffee stations to have conversations. It also creates diversity just like its products and services with its game rooms that has pool tables, video games and ping-pong, and yes, it even has a baby piano. It also promotes a culture of openness with very few solo offices where Googlers shares cubes, yurts and huddle rooms (Google). Dogs, massage chairs and large inflatable balls are also okay. The list on how distinct its offices maintain a youthful ambience can go on and on. Google’s youthfulness and innovative culture is not only limited on how its offices are set up. What appears to be play is in fact a continuous search for perfection beginning in its hiring process where it favors ability more than experience. Moreso when hired, because Googlers, a Google employee is often called, is not strapped with a single repetitive function but wears several hats. This actually grows with how things are set up with Google offices and those free caf es have their purpose. It provides an avenue for cultivating ideas that may become the next big innovative product. This is further reinforced with the openness of its leadership which it also actively promotes a cultivating environment. In a Google environment, â€Å"no one, no one hesitates to pose questions directly to Larry or Sergey in our weekly all-hands (â€Å"TGIF†) meetings – or spike a volleyball across the net at a corporate officer â€Å" (Google). Perhaps to better understand its seemingly age proof and unorthodox corporate culture, it would be insightful to examine closely its core values that drives its action and the company’s culture. Google’s core principles that drives it corporate culture can be summed up as follows (Google); 1. Focus on the user and all else will follow – before doing anything, Googlers think about the end users welfare first. 2. It’s best to do one thing really, really well – even as it embark s on other products such as Gmail and Google Maps, Google knows what it does best – to search. And knows how to do it well and better. 3. Fast is better than slow – perhaps the best representational product of this core value is its internet browser Chrome. Chrome beat all its competitors for its speed and is the preferred internet browser of almost everyone due to its speed. This core value is always considered every time a new product is being developed. 4.

Sales planning and operations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Sales planning and operations - Essay Example Sales can be stated as the lifeblood of a business.Earning sustained profitability is the basic aim of conducting sales activities in an organisation. In order to boost up the sales of LPPT Cola in the market, the corporation needs to identify the target market for their offered products. Subsequently, after recognising premium target consumer segment of the products which can facilitate to increase the sales of the company in the long run, the organization needs to make a comprehensive market analysis to recognise the specific requirement trends of the customers from the offered product (Treace, 2013). In the following step, LPPT Cola needs to make an outline of their sales plan. The company needs to study its targeted market thoroughly and consequently it needs to analyse the sales objectives as well as the requirement of manpower to reach the end-users (IILM, n.d.). As a Sales Director, there is a need to have a directional plan in place for the entire sales team at the outset. Mo reover, a contingency plan also needs to be prepared so that any untoward scenario in terms of unavailability of a sales team member is handled efficiently. At the same time, if the Sales Director of LPPT Cola finds it to be necessary, he can even interact with the concerned authorities of the same industry, which will help him to advise the marketing manager to sketch a detailed structure of the plan (The Sales Management Association, 2013). After the determination of the targeted market and sketching the sales plan, the next process will be the creating a network or connectivity. To make the consumers aware of the products of LPPT Cola, at the initial stage, the organization can take the aid of strategies such as telemarketing, e-mailing and door-to-door selling among others. In terms of pricing of the products, it is essential to prepare a competitive pricing to mitigate the threat of substitute products. With regard to the sales force, LPPT Cola needs to inculcate the strategy o f planning, coordination, controlling and motivating to ensure that customers are offered with best possible service. This strategy can ensure a sustained profitability from sales activities in the long run (Kundu, n.d). Structure of the Sales Department Learning Outcome (b) Business objectives are the aims, purposes and goals of the business. The significant role of business is to achieve its goals. The main objective of the business is to maximize its profitability. Operating business cannot have only one objective because a company needs to meet the demands of different stakeholders such as employees, consumers, creditors and shareholders among others. In terms of the stages or processes involved in an organisational sales strategy, it can be said that the primary facets involve: Preparing sales objectives Studying sales market environment Recognising the various alternatives available Assessing the alternatives and selecting the best possible one for the organisation Preparing s ales budget and forecast Formulating sales plan and gaining approval of the management Executing the sales plan with the help of appropriate human resource allocation Making an evaluation and review of the sales plan Source: (Trehan & Trehan, n.d.) There are four basic sales strategies such as account targeting, sales channel, selling and relationship, the categorization of these accounts within a targeted market for incorporating strategic approaches in the sales, through accounting groups or accounting. An organized selling procedure for each accounting targeting, sales channel, relationship and selling strategy develops effective and efficient selling procedure which is a significant in

Australia's national interests would be better served by pursuing a Essay

Australia's national interests would be better served by pursuing a foreign policy that is more independent of the United S - Essay Example For instance, Australia’s primary national interest was to gain strategic dominance in the region to fight against all possible external threats. Initially it was among the colonies of UK in the pre World War II era and therefore it had to face substantial political threats soon after the independence. Hence forming ANZUS alliance with USA was the foremost step in order to safeguard the national interests of the country (McLean, 2006). However, after the US declaration of war on terror the overall nature of ANZUS was dramatically changed and Australia’s national interests began to get negatively affected by the intervention of US. Now researchers are critically analyzing the core objectives of ANZUS alliance and the current political scenario. It would be now significantly better for the Australian government to execute an independent foreign policy so as to protect its national goals and objectives. Moreover such independence will facilitate the Australian government t o save itself from the international wars and politics. But the consequences and reaction of US government in such a situation cannot be underestimated (Umetsu, 2006). This paper aims to critically evaluate the relationship between Australia and USA in terms of Australia’s national interests and foreign policy. Moreover, it will discuss the key interest behind ANZUS alliance since 1950s, the core reasons behind Australia’s participation in wars against Afghanistan and Iraq including its moral and legal justifications. This shall be followed by Australia’s relationships with Asia and Middle East subsequently leading to the end of discussion i.e. either independent foreign policy is suitable for Australia or not. Since the very beginning Australia has depended upon the British and American powers in order to gain strategic benefits and also to fulfill its national interests. When British were ruling the world Australians were under their strong influence. However, when America came into power it also took control over the foreign policies and strategic matters of Australia. This ultimately resulted in ANZUS alliance which was formed in 1950 (McLean, 2006). Historical records reveal that Australia was never able to practice complete authority over its national matters due to the mental dependency and also because of the massive influence of American power. Critics such as Alan Ramsey argue that Australian government officials have proved to be more sincere to US rather than to their own nation. Hence it can be said that Australia actually transformed into an American colony after gaining independence from Britain (McLean, 2006). Australia had some key interests in forming and maintaining ANZUS alliance. For instance, in the post-World War II era Australia needed to have strong foreign relationships in order to meet any threat to its national interests. Furthermore, the significantly strong economic position of USA played a vital role in drivi ng and uplifting the Australian economy, while on the other hand Australia was specifically interested in gaining domestic political benefits from US interventions (Beeson, 2003). If we closely analyze the address of Australian Prime Minister Julia Gillard’s to the Congress representatives in the US then we can easily anticipate that Australia is not only

The Internet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 3

The Internet - Essay Example As such, there are various advantages and disadvantages that are realized, and this forms the basis for an analytical analysis of the critical inferences that can be drawn from readings that touch on various implications that the internet has presented to the contemporary society particularly in line with cultural implications. In light of the above, What is the Elephant in the Digital Room is an article that tries to look at the different changes that have characterized the digital revolution. It compares the rate at which information and media is being created in the current world of digital supremacy against the pre-existing rates and definitions that demarcated the creation and sharing of media. To this end, there is the realization that the digital revolution has greatly transformed the very element of life in relation to how we interact with technology and how we partake media and online data. From the amount of information being created particularly for the online platform, to the sheer amount of time that we spend online, the digital revolution is depicted as having changed the way that we consume information and data. Additionally, the internet started off as a tool to ease communication and the availability of essential data. However, it has now transformed into a form of necessity that nobody ca n exist without. In many situations, the internet is no longer optional, and is in fact becoming some form of basic need that almost everybody needs in order to survive. In many respects, mobile communication and the advent of the internet has had more implications on humans than any other form of development in the entire human history. This highlights the relatively staggering levels of adoption that has characterized its intake in almost all factions of human life. While other inventions and developments could catch up in certain parts of the world and fail to catch up in others, mobile communication and the internet has caught up in every

Fracking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Fracking - Essay Example Fracking possess various significant and equally distinctive feature that portrays the mechanism endeavor towards sustainability as discussed below. Stance 1 Sustainability of the environment refers to the ability of human activities to safeguard the existence of other organisms. Additionally, business practices must also foster the longevity of both the business and the practice. The cost implications of fracking portray it as an economical mining process that fosters profitability of companies. Fracking for example uses readily available resources key among which is water and sand to operate. The process mixes sand and water before pumping them at high pressure into the wellbores thereby creating long narrow fractures through which the natural resources such as natural gases and oil flow to the surface, the pressurized solution denser than the crude oil and therefore settles to the bed of the oil wells thus forcing the oil out (Brasch 21). The mining process is preferred in rocky r egions. The pressure mechanism propels the solution at higher capable of either perforating or disintegrating the rocks thereby creating the small paths for the flow of the crude oil from the wells. This makes the processes useful in nearly every well including those that have remained operational for some time. As mining into such well continue, the level of the oil in the wells deplete. In order to confirm the depletion of the reserves, fracking is necessary in breaking the earth crust in an investigative process as the miners seek to test the depth of the wells (Uberoi 54). In most cases, the perforation of the earth’s crust results in the discovery of more oil thereby sustaining the longevity of the business. The mining process has presented other viable gas extraction process that seeks to safeguard the safety and longevity of the naturally existing resources. Unlike the conventional mining process including drilling, multi staged drilling presents the opportunity to ext ract the highly valuable resources from the earth’s surface without causing major disruptions to the earth surface. A type of fracking known as multi stage fracturing facilitate the development of shale gas among other light tight oil production in such great economies as the united states. This way, the process has therefore proven an economic viability. Stance 2 Among the sustainability interfaces include ecological practices. This includes environmental protection and environmental resource management. Sustainability therefore compels the consideration of both social and environmental of an economic activity. Oil prospecting is a labor-intensive activity that has various implications on both the society and the environment (Clayton and Nicholas 31). Fracking as a mining method presents various economic advantages that makes the process preferred by many operators in the industry. The process requires less labor than other conventional mining methods besides its other advan tages that contribute to the efficiency of the method. However, opponents of the method have sighted various negative environmental implications that the mining process has thereby casting doubt on the use of the method in mining. As discussed earlier, a sustainable process must have positive implications on b

Emancipation of slavery Essay Example for Free

Emancipation of slavery Essay The writer reflects the emancipation of slavery and how it influenced the American women. For many Americans (the slave owners), it was not possible to think that what will happen if they no longer owe slaves. It was natural for people who were used to the cheap and easy labour found themselves in the middle of nowhere. The demise of slavery gave rise to a new kind of slavery where woman could sell their body. For writer this idea of selling women seems new, but in many tribal societies around the world, women are still sold and bought. The idea of selling body was loathsome in society that was still Victorian in thinking. The moralist advocated ban on streetwalkers and prostitution; while state sought to legalize the body trade, it was this tussle that continued for decades. For many the idea of selling body was a reminiscent of slavery; but even the law itself was dubious about the prostitution. According to the idealist the prostitution stood as a† social system in which all was for sale†. It was this thinking that made prostitution or women at the edge a social issue. For Southerners slavery and marriage was one and the same thing; while for Northerner slavery and prostitution were one and the same thing. The Southerners were used to slavery and bondage, prostitution for them seemed a kind of outlet where they could vent out their frustration along with economic benefits. For Northerners marriage was a sacred idea hijacked by streetwalkers to lure loyal husbands and sons. The Southerners argued that by recruiting black women as slave prostitutes they are limiting the white prostitution again shows double standard. The Northerners argued that prostitution continued because the lusty men of South wanted it. For abolitionists it was unthinkable to mix market economy and family values together in one place. Ironically both of them used prostitution as deformation, but the reality was far different. The author failed to address the core issue of the North and South. The basic reason of differences between the North and South has been economics. In broader sense the North was rapidly modernizing and South felt threatened by it. Being more viable economically means more powerful, the South was still stuck up to agrarian economy. It was under these circumstances in the South slaves were more important compared to North. Being less modern and less developed the slave prostitutes were a source of income for Jones in the South and they could not give it away easily. For North it became ideological because they were already reaping the benefits of industrlized economy. Even in the modern world, prostitution is done by the poorest of the poor in the society. In present day American society, despite all freedom no one considers prostitution a respectable and honourable way of life. In simple words, the women who practice this profession are doing it out of economic necessity. In modern day America, government is willing to accept the porn industry legally regardless of how women are exploited for sake of huge tax that reaches US$50 billion per year. Thus we can say it’s the market economics that is still ruling American society. Reference Stanely, Amy Dru. From Bondage to Contract.

Business And Marketing Plan For A Italian Restaurant Marketing Essay

Business And Marketing Plan For A Italian Restaurant Marketing Essay The location is very good as the CITYPRIDE multiplex is situated in KOTHRUD which is the fastest developed suburb in Pune.It is located close to the market area with Proximity to a number of colleges,schools and IT business establishments.CITYPRIDE is the only multiplex in the area.It also has a mall which leads to high footfalls on A daily basis.With this concentration of customers.there are no Italian restaurants that offer Pizzas and Pastas in Kothrud and a tremendous need for an upscale family restaurant that offers these items for both the adults and children. The turnkey operation seats 150 customers and is the perfect size for an Italian Restaurant.With the current lease and the fitout time of three months it will be very easy to procure all the required equipments and commence operations at the earliest.The growth in the number of high income families in the KOTHRUD area is also projected.ITALIA would be a perfect neighborhood restaurant in the perfect Neighborhood. Introduction- Company Description-PEEGEE Co,a Pune based company, will operate ITALIA, a single unit, medium-size restaurant serving healthy, contemporary style food. The restaurant will be located at shop No;4,CITYPRIDE MULTIPLEX,KOTHRUD,PUNE-411038 Mission Statement-The companys goal is that of a multi-faceted success. Their first responsibility should be to the financial well-being of the restaurant. They must meet this goal while trying to consider; 1) the effect of their products on the health and well being of their customers (and their staff), 2) the impact that their business practices and choices will have on the environment, and 3) the high quality of attitude, fairness, understanding, and generosity between management, staff, customers, and vendors. Awareness of all these factors and the responsible actions that result will give our efforts a sense of purpose and meaning beyond their basic financial goals. Development Status The company was incorporated in December 2010. The founders are Pravin Malhotra and Vikas Malhotra. Both are the managing partners of the co. They have put Rs 10,00,000/- each towards the initial investment for research and start-up costs.The remaining will be funded by the banks. A suitable site for the first restaurant was found last month and lease negotiations are in the final stages. The location will be in CITYPRIDE MULTIPLEX,in Kothrud which is biggest and the fastest developing suburb in Pune. When the lease is signed there will be three months of free rent for construction and in that time the balance of the start-up funds must be raised. With that phase completed, ITALIA Restaurant can then open and the operations phase of the project can begin. Future Plans If the business is meeting its projections by month nine, they will start scouting for a second location and develop plans for the next unit. Their five year goal is to have 3 restaurants in the PUNE area with a combined annual profit of between RS 50 LAKHS To Rs 100 Lakhs. The SWOT Analysis Strength-The strength of the company lies in the fact that Mr Pravin Malhotra the managing director of the company is a graduate from the Institute of Hotel Managent, Aurangabad.He is very honest and hardworking and has worked with the Le Meridien group of hotels as a F B manager for the last three years.His experience in the hotel industry would be very helpful in the day to day running of the restaurant.In addition the fact that both the directors are putting in Rs 10 lakhs each from their own savings is also very helpful.The need for additional capital will not be very much and it Could be procured from the banks easily. WeaknessThe fact that the promoters have no previous business experience could be a major drawback for the them.This weakness can be overcome by meticulate planning and Execution. OpportunityThis business plan reflects the opportunity on the part of the promoters to lease the premises offered by the owners of the CITYPRIDE multiplex.They had put up an advertisement in the local newspaper seeking persons interested in running a restaurant at their famous multiplex.The promoters took this opportunity and immediately approached the owners.They were the first ones to do so .They liked the premises instantly since it was located right at the entrance of the multiplex .The promoters immediately took a descision and signed the lease by giving a suitable deposit to the owners of the multiplex.. The promoters saw huge opportunity in opening up an Italian restaurant in the place. This was due to the fact that there was not a single Italian restaurant in the entire suburb of Kothrud which is the largest and the fastest growing suburb of the Pune city.Pune has itself grown into a very large metropolitan city in the past five years with the advent and growth of the IT sect or,In addition Pune has always been an educational hub since the last twenty years boasting of a large number of schools ,colleges and post-graduate management and other institutes.No wonder it is called the OXFORD of the east. Threats-There are a couple of renowned food chains within close range of the CITYPRIDE multiplex.These include the McDonalds restaurant which is located around a Kilo Meter from the place and the SUBWAY which is a mere half KM away from us.These could Provide us with stiff competition and could be a threat to the growth of the restaurant.In additions threat may also be posed by someone who might opt to open another Italian Restaurant in the vicinity. THE PEST ANALYSIS The Political AnalysisThe political environment in the country is very much stable and is conducive to the growth of the industry in general and the hotel industry in particular.The Indian government is taking huge steps to promote local as well as international tourism in the country. The Economical AnalysisThe total investment required for this project is 57,80,000/-. For deposit to the owner of the premises, advance rent of one month, as well as kitchen equipment, for interiors and also starting salary to the staff. The company promoters have pooled in Rs 20,00,000/- from their personal Savings ,The remaining amount of Rs 37,80,000/- will be raised by securing a loan from any of the nationalised banks.The promoters shall mortgage one of their personal property for the same. Social AnalysisAlthough the restaurant industry is very competitive, the lifestyle changes created by modern living continue to fuel its steady growth. More and more people have less time, resources, and ability to cook for themselves. Trends are very important and ITALIA is well positioned for the current interest in lighter, healthier foods at moderate to low prices. The food service business is the third largest industry in the country. The average PUNEITE spends 15% of his/her income on meals away from home. This number has been increasing for the past seven years. In the past five years the restaurant industry has out-performed. The reasons given are 1) lifestyle changes, 2) economic climate, and 3) increase of product variety. There are new restaurants opening every month and more needed to keep pace with increasing demand. The predicated growth trend is very positive both in short and long-term projections. As modern living creates more demands, people will be compelled to eat more meals away from home. Estimates are as high as 30% over the next five years. It is understood that: Consumers will spend a greater proportion of their food Rupee away from home. Independent operators and entrepreneurs will be the main source of new restaurant concepts. Nutritional concerns will be critical at all types of foodservice operations, and food flavors will be important. Environmental concerns will receive increased attention. Technological analysis ITALIA will be 150 seat restaurant.It will cater to the students as well as the business establishments and families of the area.It will require to adopt latest technological equipments to help serve the customers better.The seating arrangement and the chairs and tables must be of high quality and great care must be taken in designing and furnishing the interiors. PRODUCT AND SERVICE PLAN IMPLIMENTATIONS-ITALIA Restaurant will be offering a menu of food and beverages with a distinctive image. There will be three ways to purchase these products; table service at the restaurant, take-out from the restaurant, and delivery to home or office. The Menu The ITALIA menu (see appendices) is moderate sized, and moderate-low priced offering a collection of Italian items with a common theme healthy (low-fat, low cholesterol, natural ingredients), flavorful, and familiar. Their goal is to create the image of light satisfying and still nutritious food. Production Food production and assembly will take place in the kitchen of the restaurant. Fresh vegetables, meat and dairy products will be used to crate most of the dishes from scratch. The chef will exercise strict standards of sanitation, quality production, and presentation or packaging over the kitchen and service staff. Service There will be three ways a customer can purchase food. They may sit down at one of the 150 seats in the dining room and get full service from a steward. A separate take-out counter will service those who wish to pick up their food. Future Opportunities There is a market segment that prefers to eat this type of cooking at home although they do not have the time to cook. There are already caterers and even mail order companies that provide individuals and families with up to a months supply of pre-prepared meals. This opportunity will be researched and developed on a trial basis. If successful, it could become a major new source of income without creating the need for additional staff or production space. The Target Market The market for ITALIA products covers a large area of diverse and densely populated groups. Although it will be located in a downtown urban setting, it is an area where people travel to eat out and one that is also frequented by CINEGOERS. It is also an area known for and catering to the demographic group they are targeting. Market Location Customers -The CITYPRIDE MULTIPLEX is the best multiplex in the area.It is one of the most desirable retail locations hosting an independent Mall.In addition it is close to Colleges and universities. The customer base will come from 3 major segments; Local population the city of PUNE with a year-round population of 45 lakhs is centrally located in the Maharashtra state and is within 15 minutes drive of 8 major suburbs. Colleges and Universities PUNE alone has 6 different schools within walking distance of Citypride. In addition 5 more colleges near the square have large student bodies. Tourism à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ There are number of tourists coming to Pune all the year long. Local businesses à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ Kothrud is a very big suburb of Pune boasting of a huge number of business establishments. The food concept and product image of ITALIA will attract 3 different customer profiles; The student more and more young people have developed healthy eating habits. Some also go through a health food phase while in college. The health conscious person of any age or sex this includes anyone on a restricted or prescribed diet or those who have committed to a healthy diet. Curious and open-minded if you try it, you will like it. Through marketing, publicity, and word-of-mouth, people will seek out a new experience and learn that nutritious food can be tasty, fun, convenient, and inexpensive. Market Trends The Future The population and demographics of PUNE have grown tremendously in the last 15 years.Pune which is called the Oxford of the east is famous for its educational institutes.In addition the economy of Pune has grown leaps and bounds with the Booming of the IT sector.With more and more families becoming nuclear and both the spouses working the people no longer have time to cook at home.Hence the lifestyles of people have changed. The idea of a health consciousness through nutritional awareness and dietary change has been slowly building for the last 5 years. The extensive government studies and new Food Guide Pyramid have given everyone a new definition of a balanced, healthy diet. This is not a fad but a true dietary trend backed by the scientific and medical community, the media, the government, and endorsed by the big food manufacturers. As people want to stay home more and cook less our strategy of delivering prepared meals on a weekly or monthly arrangement may be a widespread accept ed new way of eating The CompetitionThere are over two dozen restaurants in the KOTHRUD area that sell food at similar prices. Although there is no exclusive Italian restaurant this presents an obvious challenge in terms of market share, it also indicates the presence of a large, strong potential. ITALIA will make a successful entry based on an innovative concept or novelty. ITALIA will offer an innovative product in a familiar style at a competitive price. The co must make aggressive plans of take-out and delivery that will also give them an advantage to create a good market share before the competition can adjust or similar concepts appear. Competitors Profile Competing with ITALIA for the target market are these categories of food providers: Independent table service restaurants. Chain restaurants like McDonalds and SUBWAY, Commercial foodservice companies serving students directly. Independent operators include FIVE SEASONS RESTAURANT, MCDONALDS, and The SUBWAY. There are couple of companies which sell food directly to the students as well. Competitive Strategy-There are three major ways in which they must create an advantage over their competitors; product identity, quality, and novelty, high employee motivation and good sales attitude, innovative and aggressive service options. ITALIA will be the only restaurant among all the competition which focuses the entire menu on Italian food. Pizzas and Pastas are a major hit amongst the students as well as the IT public in Pune.Each of the competitors offers only one or two Italian dishes on their menu.ITALIA will be the exclusive Italian restaurant in the entire suburb of Kothrud. Once they have tried the restaurant, their experience will be reinforced by friendly, efficient, knowledgeable service. Return and repeat business will be facilitated by accessible take-out and delivery options. Marketing Plan Sales Strategy Market Penetration Entry into the market should not be a problem. The store has high visibility with heavy foot traffic all day long. The local residents and students always support new restaurants and the tourists do not have fixed preferences. In addition, Rs 1 lakh has been budgeted for a pre-opening advertising and public relations campaign. Marketing Strategy Focusing on the unique aspect of the product theme (healthy, tasty foods) a mix of marketing vehicles must be created to convey their presence, their image, and their message. Print media local newspapers, magazines and student publications, Broadcast media local programming and special interest shows, Hotel guides, concierge relations, Chamber of Commerce brochures, Direct mail subscriber lists, offices for delivery Misc. yellow pages, charity events. A public relations firm has been retained to create special events and solicit print and broadcast coverage, especially at the start-up. The marketing effort will be split into 3 phases; Opening An advanced notice (press packet) sent out by the PR firm to all media and printed announcement ads in key places. Future plans and Strategic Opportunities Catering to offices (even outside of our local area) may become a large part of gross sales. At that point a sales agent would be hired to directly market our products for daily delivery or catered functions. Operations Facilities Offices The restaurant at CITYPRIDE MULTIPLEX is a 2400 Square foot space. It was formerly a restaurant and needs on minor structural modifications. The licenses and codes issues are all in order. New equipment and dining room furnishings will be purchased and installed by the general contractor. Offices of the corporation are presently at MR PRAVIN MALHOTRAS home but will be moved to the restaurant after opening. Hours of Operation The restaurant will be open for lunch and dinner 7 days a week. Service will begin at 11:00 AM and end at 11:00 PM. Employee Training Education Employees will be trained not only in their specific operational duties but in the philosophy and applications of our concept. They will receive extensive information from the chef and be kept informed of the latest information on healthy eating. Systems Controls A big emphasis should be placed on extensive research into the quality and integrity of their products. They will constantly be tested for their own high standards of freshness and purity. Food costs and inventory control will be handled by their computer system and checked daily by management. Food Production Most food will be prepared on the premises. The kitchen will be designed for high standards of sanitary efficiency and cleaned daily. Food will be made mostly to order and stored in large coolers in the basement. Delivery Catering Food for delivery may be similar to take-out (prepared to order) or it may be prepared earlier and stocked. Catering will be treated as deliveries. Management Organization-Key Employees Principals-PRAVIN MALHOTRA AND VIKAS MALHOTRAS are the managing partners of the company.They will initially look after the setting up of the restaurant.The restaurant will have a cashier,a FB manager and a team of stewards and waiters to look after the customers. Compensation Incentives ITALIA will offer competitive wages and salaries to all employees with benefit packages available to key personnel only. Management to be Added They must search for a general manager and executive chef. These key employees must be well chosen and given incentives for performance and growth. Management Structure Style Mr Pravin Malhotra will be the Chief Operating Officer. The general manager and chef will report to him. The assistant manager and sous-chef will report to their respective managers, and all other employees will be subordinate to them. Long-Term Development Exit Plan-Goals-ITALIA is an innovative concept that targets a new, growing market. We assume that the market will respond, and grow quickly in the next 5 years. Our goals are to create a reputation of quality, consistency and security (safety of food) that will make us the leader of a new style of dining. Strategies-The marketing efforts must be concentrated on take-out and delivery, the areas of most promising growth. As the market changes, new products may be added to maintain sales.-Milestones-After the restaurant opens, they must keep a close eye on sales and profit. If they are on target at the end of year 1, they will look to expand to a second unit. Risk Evaluation-With any new venture, there is risk involved. The success of the project hinges on the strength and acceptance of a fairly new market. After year 1, we expect some copycat competition in the form of other independent units. Chain competition will be much later. Exit Plan-Ideally, ITALIA will expand to five units in the next 10 years. At that time, we will entertain the possibility of a buy-out by a larger restaurant concern or actively seek to sell to a new owner. CONCLUSION- From the above mentioned analysis and the plans formulated therein we can come to the Conclusion that: Pune is the most favoured destination for IT companies,students and the business community.The economy of Pune has grown with leaps and bounds in the last decade. The popularity of The Italian foods like pasta and pizza have grown with the students and the families. Kothrud is the fastest developing suburb in the Pune city.It does not have an Italian restaurant.Hence there is a tremendous scope for the setting up of an exclusive Italian restaurant which will cater to the student and the IT community. The premises chosen by the company is very good and it attracts a large number of footfalls daily. The footfalls increase dramatically during the weekends. The owner Mr Pravin Malhotra being a hotel management graduate and having a work experience of a fb manager at a reputed hotel is well versed with the job of running a restaurant.Altough he has no business experience ,his work experience may see him through. The owners of the company have a strong financial base and have invested about 20 lakh rupees for setting up the restaurant. In addition they have a personal property that can be mortgaged to the bank for a loan. Although there is a presence of other food chains like the McDonalds and Subway the project may still be a huge success because of the fact that there is not a single restaurant serving a complete Italian menu. With a proper marketing plan and strategy adopted by the company the project is bound to succeed. The owners have also hired quality chefs and managers who in turn will hire quality service staff which will provide healthy and nutritious food to the people.

Never The Twain Shall Meet Book Report :: essays research papers

Throughout the ITP program and the lower level ASL classes the name Gallaudet is driven into our heads. We know of the University named after him and how he was the man to bring education to the Deaf in America. What was not before mentioned is that there were two Gallaudets. The first thing I learned from this book is the importance of Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet and his son Edward Miner Gallaudet. I fact I had believed for some time now that E.M. Gallaudet was this extraordinary man that everyone loved and the named a university after him. It is unfortunate that this was not made clearer in the past. Now all I see is a man who took the only path that he knew how to take. E.M. Gallaudet had very little choice but to instruct in the way that he did. It is true that it was ultimately his choice but I believe that nurture is much more powerful than nature. E.M.’s mother was taught sign and communicated in sign to her husband and child. Naturally E.M. would think this is the best method of instruction. To think other wisely would be to say that his mother was inadequate. In turn this would mean that his upbringing was inadequate which would lead to the conclusion that he himself was an inadequate person. For his own salvation and peace of mind E.M. was given his path at birth. For him to have strayed from this would have ended up being a long and lonely road cutting all ties with the past. So E.M. like any normal man of that time chose to follow the path that was set out for him. T.H. Gallaudet was himself a teacher and I am sure passed on many of these traits to his son if not genetically then in his upbringing. It was no surprise to me after finding out that T.H. was himself a teacher that E.M. would be a teacher. This was further specializing in that T.H. was a teacher of the Deaf, which was to be the life long profession for E.M. In the beginning E.M. wanted to be a business man and make lots of money. This is probably attributed to the life he must have had with his father living the lifestyle of a minister. His dreams were of course cut short when his father died.

Freedom of Speech in Cyberspace -- Argumentative Persuasive Internet E

Freedom of Speech in Cyberspace: Government Restrictions on Content in the United States of America (this essay is missing the url of each source cited) "Information wants to be free. The Internet fosters free speech on a global scale."[1] Introduction The Internet provides a gateway for an individual to speak freely and anonymously without being targeted to what he or she said. With this said, one of the biggest issues concerning the Internet today is freedom of speech. The issue of free speech on the Internet has been a topic of discussion around the world within the past years. It is a unique communication medium and is powerful than the traditional media[2]. Because the Internet can not be compared equally to other mediums of communication, it deserves the utmost freedom of speech protection from the government. The restriction of speech on the Internet takes away from individual's rights and freedom from experiencing the Internet's benefits and uses. Information found on the Internet is endless and boundless and this poses the question, "should the government be allowed to regulate the information and content being transmitted or posted online?" Free Speech on the Internet Free speech on the Internet is a very controversial subject and has been the key problem surrounding the Internet today. The attempt to regulate and govern the Internet is still pursued by government officials. This subject has been intensified due to terrorist attacks against the United States and around world within the past years. The government believes that by regulating the Internet, it will protect the general public from criminal actions and eliminate the exposure of children to pornography or vulgar language. Senator Jim Exon of ... ...eved 27 April 2004. Rosenthal, Elisabeth. "China Lists Controls To Restrict the Use Of E-mail and Web." The New York Times, 27 January 2000. Retrieved 26 April 2004. Smith, Craig, "Tough New Rules Don't Faze Chinese Internet Start-Ups," The New York Times, 4 October 2000. Retrieved 26 April 2004. Stewart, William. Key Internet Features - Freedom of Speech. Living Internet. Retrieved 20 April 2004. Unknown Author. An Overview of the Communications Decency Act (CDA). Center for Democracy & Technology. Retrieved 26 April 2004. Unknown Author. Communications Decency Act. Electronic Privacy Information Center. Retrieved 26 April 2004. Unknown Author. Communications Decency Act. Wikipedia. Retrieved 25 April 2004. Unknown Author. Introduction to Ethics. Engineering Handbook. Retrieved 20 April 2004.

The Film American Beauty Essay -- Movie Films American Beauty Essays

The Film American Beauty   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In life, everyone must make choices. Choices give an individual the freedom to decide the path which they will follow. In the movie American Beauty, each of the characters has a choice he or she needs to make. The main character, Lester Burnham, is faced with many choices that could either lead to his ultimate happiness or draw him further into his despair. Carolyn Burnham, Lester's wife, is faced with a loveless marriage that exists only because she does not possess the willingness to break the cycle. This cycle involves protecting their daughter by staying married. In reality, children of a marriage such as this are often the biggest victims of this sham. Jane Burnham is Lester and Carolyn's daughter. She is caught between the two of them, and her decision is to tune her parents out. Ricky Fitts, the boy next door, makes his choice of knowing when to cooperate with his father. Ricky's dad, Colonel Fitts, makes his choice of finally admitting of his sexual prefer ence. Angela Hayes, Jane's friend, makes her choice of losing her virginity to Lester. Each character has to learn how to deal with his or her own problems.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lester Burnham is in a state of despair. Lester's dull and monotonous voice introduces the audience to his daily routine of life. At the age of 42 he has become sympathetic to everything. He realizes that his family life is the "pits" as he becomes aware that both his wife and daughter consider him a gigantic loser. He feels they are right about this. He believes he has lost something and that he did not always feel this sedated. Lester's disheartenment is symbolic in the car scene. Lester sits slouched down in the back seat with a look of emptiness while his daughter sits up front next to his wife, who is driving the car. Carolyn drives the car just as she drives the family, especially, Lester. She has evolved into the decision-maker and leader of the Burnham family. Sitting in the backseat, Lester avoids further conflict with his wife, leading him to become an even unhappier and more desperate person.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lester's life at work is no better than his life at home. After fourteen years at a job, that is viewed by Lester as nothing more than being a corporate slave at a media marketing magazine, Lester is asked by an efficiency expert at work to write a memo justifying his position. In Lester's ... ... Health 29 June 2001:11-26. Berardinelli, James. "A Film Review, American Beauty." September 15, 1999. [Online] Available http://movie-reviews.colossus.net/movies/a/american_beauty.html.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  "Drug Statistics." October 2000. [Online] Available http://www.usdoj.gov/dea/briefingbook/page15.htm.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ebert, Roger. "Review, American Beauty." September 14, 2001. [Online] Available http://movie-reviews.colossus.net/movies/a/american_beauty.html "Family Violence Statistics." September 18, 2001. [Online] Available   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.soundvision.com/domesticviolence/statistics.shtml.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  "How to Survive Infidelity." September 14, 2001. [Online] Available http://www.marriagebuilders.com   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  "Marijuana 13551." January 22, 2001. [Online] Available http://www.nida.nih.gov/Infofax/marijuana.html.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  "Nationwide Trends 13567." February 15, 2001. [Online] Available http://www.nida.nih.gov/Infofax/nationtrends.html   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Payne, Robert. "Reel Review, American Beauty." September 14, 2001. [Online] Available http://www.reel.com.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  United States. Department of Health and Human Services. Marijuana: Facts Parents Need to Know. Publication No. 98-4036. November 1998.

Pearl River Piano Company Essay

Pearl River Piano Group (PRPG) was established in 1956 by bringing together six small piano shops in Guangzhou. The group of 100 employees produced only 13 pianos that year. After many attempts, Guangzhou technicians were finally satisfied with the tone color and quality of its first manufactured piano, and in a short time it was sold in Hong Kong. It would be twenty years before the factory was able to prove its potential. As a State -owned enterprise PRPG is accountable to the Guangzhou municipal government. Investments from both Yamaha and Steinway & Sons have played a key role in the expansion of their production. In addition, PRPG has bought the German piano brand Ritmuller and will be expanding in the European market. Guangzhou, located at the north of the Pearl River delta, is an important trading center as well as a busy port and the capital city of the province of Guandong . The city has an area of over 16,000 square kilometers and a population of 6.7 million. Guangzhou is a lso one of the most important centers of foreign commerce in South China. There are a lot of interesting legends concerning its past. One of the beautiful stories which gives the city its name Goat Town says that five gods riding on five goats brought the first grain to the city. In 1959 PRPG consisted of a shed on the side of the street to repair pianos. Later a shelter was built to process the wood. At that time the pianos were carried in a cart with men walking barefoot to the port. During the tumultuous of Mao Zedong’s Cultural Revolution in the 1960’s and 1970’s, few Chinese dared to buy a piano, which symbolized the West’s decadent and bourgeois society. Learning the piano was frowned upon at that time. The factory didn’t stop making pianos. However, they were lucky if they sold more than one hundred pianos a year. In the meantime China’s one-child policy has created a culture where parents invest heavily in their children’s education. Parents like to spend money to improve their children’s educ ation and culture and this has paid off for PRPG. Nearly 80%of their pianos are sold in China. Pianos have caught on in China. PRPG’s domestic shipments climbed even throughout Asia’s financial crisis. During the1960’s companies such as Yamaha took advantage of low labor costs to enter the global and domestic market. They were quietly followed my South Korea. For years the musical instrument business was dominated by U.S. and European companies. But this has been changing now for decades. In 1992 Tong Zhi Cheng took control of the company. He had worked for only one company during his adult life, the state-owned PRPG. When Tong took over pianos were fairly common in households in Europe and the U.S. for nearly two centuries, but in China they have been a luxury. In 1995 PRPG and Yamaha Pianos of Japan forged a $10 million joint venture. They set up a company called Yamaha-Pearl River. This company was set up to make certain â€Å"Eterna† models that are exported to Europe and the USA. Unlike China’s typically backward state-owned companies, PRPG is savvy about brands and looks for new products to sell. Tong bought a mature German brand Ritmà ¼ller in 1999. In addition he has struck a deal with Steinway & Sons to produce their Essex line of pianos. Today, PRPG consists of a factory spanning 2 million square feet–the world’s biggest piano plant–cranks out 250 pianos every day. White-smocked workers steer computer-driven kilns that bake oak planks en masse. Individual piano keys are hand-checked for precision and balance. Five pairs of ears listen to each piano’s tuning, speeding another instrument out the door–and into America’s living rooms. Just two years after Pearl River set up a U.S. sales arm, its high- quality, low-priced pianos have snared 10% of the market, and the company vows to capture a 25% share by 2005. It already has won the hearts and minds of some U.S. consumers.

Marketing Mixmarketing Mix Essay

1. Marketing Research : A new product strategy will ultimately need to be tested through focus groups, phone surveys and beta tests. Focus groups are sessions where company managers observe consumers through a one-way mirror. A moderator or interviewer will ask the consumers questions related to the company’s product concept, including their likes, dislikes and suggestions for the product. This information is usually evaluated later to help tweak the product concept. After focus groups, companies use phone surveys to obtain a more reliable sample about the market’s reaction to the product. 2. Product Positioning: Product positioning is a â€Å"best practice† strategy used for both new and existing products. Small companies typically use a grid when developing a product positioning matrix. The objective of product positioning is to determine which segment of the market to place a product. Companies often use two important product variables in a product positioning matrix. For hot cereal, these variables may include â€Å"price† and â€Å"time to cook.† The product price can be low or high, and the time to cook the cereal can be slow or quick. Consequently, segments for hot cereal may be low price/quick to cook, low price/slow to cook, high price/quick to cook or high price/slow to cook. A small company will usually plot its existing products as well as competitive products within the various segments. The segment with the least amount of plotting points may indicate an opportunity for the company, as that particular segment is under-served. Place of Distribution Strategies Depending on the type of product being distributed there are three common distribution strategies available: 1. Intensive distribution: Used commonly to distribute low priced or impulse purchase products eg chocolates, soft drinks. 2. Exclusive distribution: Involves limiting distribution to a single outlet. The product is usually highly priced, and requires the intermediary to place much detail in its sell. An example of would be the sale of vehicles through exclusive dealers. 3. Selective Distribution: A small number of retail outlets are chosen to distribute the product. Selective distribution is common with products such as computers, televisions household appliances, where consumers are willing to shop around and where manufacturers want a large geographical spread. Pricing Strategies 1. Penetration pricing: Here the organization sets a low price to increase sales and market share. Once market share has been captured the firm may well then increase their price. A television satellite company sets a low price to get subscribers then increases the price as their customer base increases. 2. Skimming pricing: The organization sets an initial high price and then slowly lowers the price to make the product available to a wider market. The objective is to skim profits of the market layer by layer. A games console company reduces the price of their console over 5 years, charging a premium at launch and lowest price near the end of its life cycle. 3. Competition pricing: Setting a price in comparison with competitors. Really a firm has three options and these are to price lower, price the same or price higher. Some firms offer a price matching service to match what their competitors are offering. Promotion Strategies 1. Public relations: Involves developing positive relationships with the organization media public. The art of good public relations is not only to obtain favorable publicity within the media, but it is also involves being able to handle successfully negative attention. 2. Internet Marketing: Promoting and selling your services online using various forms of online marketing techniques such as banner advertisements, videos or social media. 3. Sponsorship: Where you pay an organization to use your brand or logo. This organization usually has a high profile so that you know that your brand will be seen by a large audience. Most common use of sponsorship is with sporting events. The 2012 Olympics being held in London is being sponsored by a number of organizations such as Mcdonalds and Coca-Cola as the event will attract a worldwide audience that will run into hundreds of millions.

Globalization and Its Effects on Mexico Essay

Mexico has the size and assets which could contribute to wealth and prosperity within their borders. The nation has the second longest border with the United States, significant oil resources, and the 11th largest population in the world. Mexico underwent all the necessary free market changes to help support globalization despite initial resistance, but they are yet to complete the interior microeconomic makeover they drastically need. Mexico has many things working for them but continue to underperform when it comes to global power and economy, China out performs Mexico for low-cost manufactured goods and India is often the target for outsourcing jobs and services over Mexico (Biggs, Shiess). After sustained pressure from the United States and the International Monetary Fund, Mexico decided to change their global economic stance to one that supports the free market. They changed their economy to one based upon exports, they eliminated most tariffs while lowering others, attracted foreign direct investment and private state assets, and finally reduced government spending. These steps were taken at an effort for Mexico to join in on the economic benefits of globalization, but Mexico only finished half of the necessary adjustments necessary for economic prosperity. (Biggs, Shiess) Many residents of Mexico may blame their problems on issues such as the drug cartels, the lack of quality jobs, or lack of foreign investment. Although these ideas may contribute to the problems that control Mexico, they are not the true reason. After Mexico completed their globalization efforts by using the ideas of macroeconomics, they had only completed half the necessary adjustments to truly co mpete as an economic superpower in the world today.(BBC News) Mexico has failed in great part due to their stubbornness and interior corruption to evolve their nation from that of an above average Latin American Economic power, to that of one on par with most European nations, China, India, and the United States. The second half of the puzzle that Mexico is missing relies heavily on the ideas of microeconomics. Mexico never created the level playing field for companies within their country and is greatly powered by monopolies which ruins an economy due to lack of competition and innovation. For Mexico to begin to succeed in the free market needs to put resources into banks, education(specifically on technology), mechanisms which will support collaboration between competing companies, and most importantly new laws to disallow the monopolies which control Mexico’s economy. (Biggs, Shiess) Until these steps are taken Mexico remains a country which can be overwhelmingly difficult to do business in, which turns away the majority of investors, and people looking to expand companies into different countries. It is not a good sign when according to the International Finance Corporation Mexico ranks 75 out of 183 countries in the world for â€Å"ease of starting a business†. (IFC) Around the year 2000 when the globalization movement was fully set in motion, Mexico was going through an extreme change in their political stance as well. This was a major problem for Mexico, even though the economic changes which were drastically needed were happening outside Mexico’s borders it is a very difficult task of changing their political institutions at the same time of changing economic institutions. Mexico continues to stand where they are rather than take a step back to allow for future gains, for example Mexico continues to rely on their state owned oil giant Pemex instead of bringing in new companies and investors for an attempt at innovation and competition in their oil industry. (Biggs, Shiess) Until Mexico decides to take a small hit and clean house in regards to their current internal economic stance companies will continue to avoid Mexico at all costs. Startup companies need stability in a political and economic system, and until Mexico is willing to offe r that and put in place fair trade laws, better tax laws, and economic regulations they will continue down the same road. Mexico is greatly reliant on their petroleum exports; this has been called the Resource Curse by many experts. The problem lies in that when they started to nationalize their oil resources, they needed foreign investment to refine petroleum into oil as they lacked the local funds to do so themselves. This results in some economic benefits due to other countries purchasing crude oil for themselves, but the process remains to be quite draining on what could be the road to economic prosperity. Mexico needs to mine the crude oil, export it to outside nations where they can refine it and then re-import it as gasoline. (Biggs, Shiess) The biggest problem that their fossil fuel dependence will bring upon Mexico is that the country is relying on the industry, and because demand and prices are high Mexico has no reason to start new industries. Oil is a fossil fuel and resources are diminishing, and when they are gone Mexico will not be in even rougher shape than they are currently. Mexico is at the crossroads when it comes to their economy and what direction those in power want to take the country in. As of right now the globalization efforts have helped the Mexican economy but due to lack of funds and a change in political scenery at the same time Mexico was unable to fully capitalize on the free market. They may have helped their trading relationships with outside countries, but not enough was done within their own borders to disallow corruption and monopolies. Mexico is stuck in place until they take the necessary short term economic downfall to get the full rewards from globalization. With the constant changing of political motives, problems with drug cartels, and corruption the chances of new businesses starting up is slim. Without new businesses to inspire competition the economy will continue to rely upon oil to sustain the country’s economy, but eventually the oil resources they have will run out and lead to ultimate turmoil within Mexico. Works Cited Biggs, Cate, Ami Shiess, Kelly Korenak, Linda Chang, and Laura Neumeister. â€Å"World Savvy Monitor.† World Savvy Monitor. Ed. Anita Trachte. The World Savvy Board, Aug. 2009. Web. 17 Oct. 2012. . â€Å"Mexico Country Profile.† BBC News. BBC, 09 Apr. 2012. Web. 17 Oct. 2012. . â€Å"Doing Business in Mexico – World Bank Group.† Doing Business in Mexico – World Bank Group. International Finance Corporation, 2012. Web. 17 Oct. 2012. .

Technology management in military intelligence

The inalterable truth is that many facets of the intelligence community, peculiarly those responsible for procurance of high engineering hardware, remain wedded to the thought of engineering as artifact. The fulcrum of this paper is that engineering direction can be applied to engineering as cognition, and as a procedure of question and action, which has deductions for the development rhythm. Pascale ( 1999 ) argues that to better the success rate of strategic enterprises and attain the degree of reclamation necessary for successful executing, theories associated with complex adaptative systems ( ‘complexity ‘ for short ) need to be considered within a new and developing engineering direction paradigm. This paper will therefore explore engineering as cognition and as a procedure of question and action alongside the thoughts associated with complexness, such that the success or failure of intelligence related engineering direction is more to the full understood.1.1 Backgro undTechnology gate keepers operate within a traditional engineering paradigm. Garud and Rappa ( 1991 ) point out that â€Å" rating modus operandis † have a inclination to reenforce an established paradigm and prevent the outgrowth of others. In sing intelligence related engineering direction hence, it will be argued that the emerged menace posed by a complex system of chiefly low tech visionaries, absolutely at easiness with mass targeting, remains a hard construct to counter when utilizing traditional attacks. Following the rules established by Eric Beinhocker ( 1997 ) , it will be argued that intelligence related engineering direction continues to run within a paradigm informed by strategic theories developed in the decennary following World War II. The theories are underpinned by the mathematics of mid-nineteenth century natural philosophies, with associated premises of deterministic cause and consequence which continue to exercise a immense influence ( Pascale, 1999 ) . It will be argued that the attack fails to account for the promotion in apprehension of how the life universe really works when considered from the point of view of complex adaptative systems ; engineering as cognition. This has peculiar resonance for the administration of asymmetric terrorist societal groups which constitute the current and immediate menace which defense mechanism engineering direction seeks to counter. By non accounting for ‘complexity ‘ and how it might be used to understand the kineticss at work within the mark groupings ( engineering as a procedure of question and action ) , this paper will seek to show that engineering procurance will go on to be unnaturally ‘skewed ‘ towards a conventional menace which remains consistent with post-war cause and consequence strategic theory.1.2 Justification for the researchWhilst engineering direction continues to be influenced by station World War II strategic theories concentrating on engineering as artifact, what Garud and Rappa ( 1991 ) identified as thoughts that are institutionalization at the macro degree of shared knowledge will go on to rule. Technological gate-keepers within the MoD will retain out-of-date methods of understanding what engineering direction is, and how it can be applied to counter the current menace. Although there is grounds of complexness theory being applied to such diverse elements as the oil industry ( Pascale, 1999 ) and the doctrine of instruction ( Peters, 2008 ) , there is a spread in cognition of how it might be applied to act upon engineering direction within intelligence related procurance. This paper will research the thought that dynamic equilibrium ( prevailing during the cold war epoch ) no-longer remains a valid theory for intelligence related technological development when sing the menace posed by asymmetric societal-terrorist groups. Equally recent as 2009, Geraint Evans examined intelligence failures in the visible radiation of recent terrorist atrociousnesss. However, his primary probe centred on the application and integrating of intelligence architecture, still concentrating on engineering as artifact, whilst unwittingly reenforcing premises based on 19th century Newtonian natural philosophies and the associated cause and consequence dictat. This is merely one illustration amongst many whereby recent work has sought to turn to incidents of intelligence dislocation, whilst neglecting to place and work what Pascale calls the following large idea- complexness theory. This paper will seek to turn to a cognition spread to categorize asymmetric societal-terrorist groups as complex adaptative systems and the ability to counter the menace through recognizing engineering as cognition and a procedure of question and action. Research will be applied to measure how the apprehension of complex adaptative systems can be used to inform future intelligence related technological direction and development programmes.1.3 Aim and aimsResearch purpose: to bring forth recommendations for military intelligence related engineering direction when sing mark groups as complex adaptative systems Aims: critically reexamine the literature to place how complexness theory has been applied to alternative spheres comparison bing definitions of complex adaptative systems with the analysed behavior of asymmetric societal-terrorist groups interview intelligence professionals to find how engineering direction might be impacted when sing mark groups as complex adaptative systems formulate recommendations for intelligence professionals when engineering direction is required to aim complex adaptative systemsChapter 2 Research definition2.1 Initial reappraisal of the literatureThe Open University class T840 ‘Technology Management ‘ , underpins the initial research into engineering direction with respect to engineering as cognition and as a procedure of question and action. Whilst seeking to understand how asymmetric societal-terrorist groups might be understood in the visible radiation of complexness theory, Jane Henry in the Open University Course B822 ‘Creativity, Innovation & A ; Change ‘ provides a utile get downing point in understanding the background to complexness theory. The current business with intelligence failure, in the visible radiation of recent terrorist atrociousnesss, has led to many defense mechanism orientated journal articles covering specifically with military intelligence, and these will be utilized to spread out the research. Evans ( 2009 ) critiques the intelligence rhythm in seeking to understand where failures are happening in the procedure. He discusses the relationship between procedure ( engineering as question and action ) and information ( engineering as cognition ) ; something that is seen as cardinal by Hughes et Al in the the Open University Course T837 ‘Information Focused Systems ‘ . Both Evans and Hughes are fixated by information flow within the context of proficient bearers, viz. Evans discusses runing constructs such as Intelligence, Surveillance, Target Acquisition and Reconnaissance ( ISTAR ) , whilst Hughes et Al explores, at a more elaborate degree, electromagnetic radiation. Nevertheless, the philosophical attack for both has much in common. Whereas Hughes succeeds in discoursing why information systems exist, to pattern the existent universe ; Evans fails to travel beyond an internal review of bing attacks to engineering direction, and finally reverts to covering with en gineering as artefact. This tendency continues in other articles concerned with intelligence failure. In an article less concerned with engineering than with effects, Honig ( 2008 ) discusses why surprise onslaughts continue to go on, but once more does non place something that Hughes in T837 instantly recognizes – engineering related information systems have value merely when they model information content drawn from the environment ( engineering as cognition ) . Of class, it would be artful to propose that Evans and Honig are non cognizant of the operational environment to a greater or lesser extent. Their attack nevertheless does look to be untypical, in that they fail to dispute implicit in premises ; this finally affects how they approach the job of intelligence failure. Pascale ( 1999 ) argues that strategic theories that underpin the principle behind most determination devising procedures today have their roots in the decennary following World War II ; which saw a universe runing within a dynamic equilibrium, codified by the cold war stand-off. Hulnick ( 2006 ) supports this position when discoursing one of the chief vehicles for intelligence appraisal in usage today. The intelligence ‘estimate ‘ ( engineering as cognition ) , Hulnick argues, is a animal of the Cold War, but has its roots in the 1939-45 struggle. The appraisal of beginnings which critique strategic theories will be of import as ultimately theories guide investing. The Open University Course T840 ‘Technology Management ‘ discusses the difference between conventional merchandise and procedure development and the rearward merchandise rhythm. Cited in T840, the Abernathy-Utterbck theoretical account ( 1978 ) identifies that where radical engineering is utilized, development is unstable and prototype invention is high. This paper will analyze grounds which suggests that determination shapers may seek to turn to failures in intelligence by high-end engineering investing, accompanied by high hazard, high cost, and long lead times. Beginnings which challenge the prevalent, underlying strategic premises, from the point of view of understanding mark groupings in the visible radiation of complexness theory, will be assessed by this paper. The rearward merchandise rhythm as described by Barras ( 1986, cited in T840 ) might be seen as a more prudent attack to engineering direction ( when developing artefact ) if the full deductions for complexness theory are realised, with high-end investing utilised merely when the deductions for intelligence related engineering direction are more to the full understood. Whilst reviewing current attacks to intelligence related engineering direction, the usage of beginnings which seek to understand complexness theory will be drawn on. Pascale ( 1999 ) provides a utile background of how complex adaptative systems operate, peculiarly in the oil industry, whilst Peters ( 2008 ) expands on the issues with a more in-depth overview of the deductions for instruction. Pascale ‘s article is of primary importance, as it demonstrates how even high tech administrations like Shell might be viewed as complex adaptative systems. The deductions of this for military intelligence related engineering direction are broad ranging, but will stay outside the range of this research paper. The purpose will be to concentrate on understanding asymmetric societal-terrorist groups as complex adaptative systems merely ; and the associated deductions for military intelligence related engineering direction when sing engineering as cognition and as a procedure of question and action.Chapter 3 Methodology3.1 Proposed research methods and techniquesThe research will affect interacting with intelligence professionals. All of these persons, to a greater lesser extent, will hold been, or remain, involved in intelligence related engineering direction in existent universe operational scenarios. Because of the sensitiveness involved, the research will be tightly controlled ( see subdivision 3.4 – Ethical motives ) . The cardinal points of the primary research stage are based on Case Study Research Design and Methods, Third Edition ( Yin, 2003 ) .Primary ResearchDetermine and specify the research range Unstructured and semi-structured interviews will be used. 10 experts will be used to supply information through treatment and suggestion. The complexness of intelligence related engineering direction and vagaries of operational experience will be ill served by the usage of set inquiries. The sensitiveness of the capable affair will prevent questionnaires being issued. Each expert will be asked to take an exemplar instance survey to discourse how ‘complex adaptative systems ‘ might impact intelligence related engineering direction. Determine how to garner the information on the research subject: Face-to-face meetings will be arranged at the respondents topographic point of work, or at a impersonal scene. Personal contacts will be utilised to place the experts from across a scope of operational countries. Phone-calls will be used to put up the meetings ab initio. The consequences will so be collated. Evaluate and analyse the informations: Notes from each interview will be analysed utilizing analytical techniques, to include, but non be limited to: Systems function. Cause & A ; Effect schematization. Rich Pictures. Functional dislocation constructions. Flow diagrams. UML modeling ; viz. usage instances. The information will be interpreted in order to reply the purpose and aims of the research. Decisions will be derived with respect to the purpose and aims. Decisions will be derived sing the wider pertinence of the research. Suggestions will be made where farther advancement could be made by go oning the research.Secondary researchReappraisal of the relevant academic literature: An appraisal of the related academic literature is required. Section 2.1 provides an initial literature reappraisal. Section 3.2 identifies extra beginnings identified, but non reviewed in the initial literature reappraisal. The mention list will go on to be developed as the research develops.3.2 Beginnings of literature and other informationThe Open University Postgraduate Certificate/Diploma in Technology Management class ( s ) will supply the implicit in beginnings and theoretical attack to research. This will be supplemented chiefly by the Open University online library, which through the initial literature hunt, has proved to keep an copiousness of relevant stuff, peculiarly with respect to complexness theory and military intelligence. The purpose will be to farther addendum the research by pulling on the research installations available at The University of Bristol. The university has an first-class international repute in research. In the latest independent appraisal of research quality ( RAE 2008 ) , over 61 per cent of the research work assessed in 48 research Fieldss at Bristol was awarded either the top 4* evaluation, defined as ‘world taking ‘ , or the 3* evaluation, classified as ‘internationally first-class ‘ . The library services are made available to Open University pupils via the SCONUL Access strategy. Finally, and for completeness, the list below identifies beginnings found during the initial literature hunt, or used during the certification / diploma degree classs, but which have yet to be drawn on. As they have non been quoted, they are non included in the mention subdivision at the terminal of this proposal. Fowles, M. 2004, T846 Technology Strategy, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes. Gintis, H. Dec 2006, â€Å" Reappraisal of: The Origin of Wealth: Development, Complexity, and the Radical Remaking of Economics † , Journal of Economic Literature, vol. 44, no. 4, pp. 1018-31. Hayden, M.V. Sep/Oct2010, â€Å" The State of the Craft – Is Intelligence Reform Working † , World Affairs, vol. 173, no. 3, pp. 35-48. Martin, John. , Bell, Ros. 2007, â€Å" Pull offing Problems Creatively † in B822 Creativity, Innovation and Change, erectile dysfunction. The Open University, 2nd edn, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, pp. 29-57-71-95. Studeman, C.M. Feb 2009, â€Å" 7 Myths of Intelligence † , U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings, vol. 135, no. 2, pp. 64-69.3.3 Planning and schedulingA Gantt chart has been utilised to exemplify cardinal day of the months for the complete period of research, working at the degree of separate hebdomads. The T802 MSc Research Study Calendar provides a dislocation of the cardinal phases and associated undertakings. These have been transposed onto the Gantt chart below, with cardinal vacation periods ( ruddy saloon ) included for completeness.3.4 Ethical considerationsI have read and understood the ethical considerations, as described in subdivision 7.3 of The Open University Course Guide for the T802 MSc Research Course. All stuff used, will be referenced in the appropriate mode, taking note of the information protection issues that may originate. Where beginning information is non already in the public sphere at the clip of usage for the T802 class, permission will be requested to utilize the stuff in the normal mode. There is a moral duty to sensitively manage the point of views of functioning intelligence professionals in garnering the research information, and non to misapply professional trust built up over many old ages. The information presented will be generic in nature, whilst non mentioning to existent universe operations or capableness, but instead to how engineering direction might be impacted in wide operational footings. Where existent operational experience may be valid to exemplify peculiar points made by the interviewee ; the writer ‘s experience will be drawn on to exemplify the point that is being made.3.5 Risk appraisalDevelopment of the research stage is low hazard. The structured and semi-structured interviews will be conducted in an office based environment, admiting appropriate consciousness of exigency issues and fire muster points. Site visits are specifically excluded.Chapter 4 Supporting information4.1 List of old classsT837 Systems technology T840 Technology direction: an integrative attack M883 Software demands for concern systems B822 Creativity, invention and alteration T846 Technology scheme4.2 Relevance of capable affair to declared gradeThe proposed research has strong synergism with the declared grade. It draws on many facets of the capable affair discussed in the compulsory faculties. T840 discusses merchandise rhythms and their appropriate application ; a capable really relevant to intelligence related engineering direction. Intelligence related equipment procurance and its rightness to extant mark groupings is at the bosom of this research. Technology scheme ( T846 ) expands on these elements when looking at the assorted schools of scheme that have come to the bow at assorted points in recent history. The relevancy of these to the capable affair, non least the Learning School and the thoughts behind outgrowth and complexness, will be cardinal to understanding the impact of complex adaptative systems on intelligence related engineering direction. When sing optional faculties within the declared grade, both T837 ( Systems technology ) and B822 ( Creativity, invention and alteration ) reference, to a greater or lesser extent, the theories behind complexness and outgrowth. The capable affair for this research proposal hence provides a vehicle to pull many of these elements together. The research will supply an chance to research the relevancy of the identified elements in a modern-day and extremely topical sphere, and possibly significantly, get down to make full a cognition spread which on first expression, does non look to hold been addressed.

Pros and Cons of a Federal System of Government Essay

Pros and Cons of a Federal System of Government - Essay Example Given the basic definition, a federal system of government consist of two or more levels of governments existing within an established territory governing through common structures/institutions with shared or overlapping powers prescribed by a supreme constitution (Shafritz, Edwin and Christopher, 2010). The central government is at the level of the sovereign state tasked with responsibilities of maintaining national security and conducting international diplomatic relations, covering the right of signing binding treaties. The central government is basically mandated to make binding laws for the whole federation; the power that local governments do not posses. Within its structure, the central government functions with ministries, departments alongside agencies in administering the federation. Federalism is thus a political as well as a philosophical concept that outlines how political power is divided or rather distributed to different levels of governments. The extent of division o f power between the levels of governance in a democratic nation may vary. However, the most vital powers relating to security and the stability of the entire union are granted to the center, with regional governments sharing subsidiary responsibility. ... In particular, the United States, Canada, Australia, Germany and Brazil are all examples of federal governments. With regard to the United States, federalism has been an ever evolving relationship between state governments and the federal government. From a system of dual federal system, the American governance structures have evolved to that of associative federalism. In the "Federalist No. 46," James Madison asserts that both levels of governments "are distinct agents and trustees of the citizenry, constituted with distinct powers." According to Alexander Hamilton, ("Federalist No. 28), both levels of government were constituted to exercise authority to the benefit of the citizens. That is to say, if in case the peoples' rights were trampled upon by either of the two, they could make use of the other level of government as the instrument of redress (Hamilton, Madison, and Jay, 1961). As with every system of governance, federalism as a model of governance characterized by sharing of power is not perfect, neither is it any close to achieving perfect harmonious relations among its components. As a system corrected through the ages to achieve its current status in the United States, it is an obvious fact that federalism has its merits and the disadvantages. One of the prime benefits of a federal system is the degree of autonomy granted to regional governments in deciding their local laws, in spite of being a part of a whole. In the US, every state has the authority to modify local laws to fit the local demands. The system is also advantageous with respect to degree with which governance is simplified to achieve the distribution of power. In effect, local problems are dealt with at the local level without letting them gravitate to the national level

Contemporary Latino Film Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Contemporary Latino Film - Essay Example The first three films of Inarritu depicted his unique style of storytelling having multiple stories with non-chronological scenes which were interconnected to one another. Biutiful was not a film in that style of storytelling rather it had linear and chronological events occurring (Deleyto 19). 21 grams is a story of three individuals who come from different walks of life and somehow their stories connect to each other. The director shows the past, present and future of every character with scenes set non-chronologically. The main issue is an accident and how it changed the lives of the three individuals. The film plot shows scenes from the past and the future arrangement (Russo 63). The main characters are Jack, Paul and Cristina. Jack is an ex-convict who has been sent and released from prison several times, and then he is finding his new religious faith in order to overcome his drug addiction. Paul is a mathematician who is living his last days due to a bad heart condition and nee ds an organ donor. His wife continually insists to donate his sperm so that she could get pregnant even after he dies. The third character is Cristina who was a former drug addict and is recovering towards a normal life with her husband and children. The three individuals connect to each other when Cristina’s family is killed by Jack in an accident and the heart of her husband is donated to Paul who starts to recover. Paul wants to start a new life but is not content with his wife’s constant forcing to donate his sperm, and also finds out she has had an abortion in the past, thus Paul leaves her and sets off to find out his heart donor. Cristina had returned to drugs when Paul finds out about her and they both get into a relationship. Both of them make a plan to murder Jack for what he did with Cristina’s family after he had been released. Jack, on the other hand is extremely guilty and after he is released he leaves his family. When Paul and Cristina find out w here Jack is living they go to him, and Paul takes him to a corner with the intention to kill him. When Paul fails to do so, he tells Jack to simply disappear and lies to Cristina about Jack’s death. The same night, Jack returns to the couple due to guilt and Cristina starts beating him. Paul suffers a heart attack and to avoid dying from asphyxia, he shoots himself. Cristina’s revenge remains unresolved and Jack returns to his family in the end. The urge for revenge of Cristina and the guilt of Jack resulted in the death of the relatively innocent Paul (Ebert 705). 21 Grams is a powerful dramatic film with themes such as death occurs by chance not by choice, our lives are tragic, appreciate relationships, life goes on, looking at life beyond money and God. Some of the most powerful relationships are also presented in the film including mother and daughter, father and son, men and women which resulted in a fusion of a dramatic film plot. The film Biutiful is about a si ngle parent who rises up his children in the worst conditions of a poor family living in Barcelona. Uxbal does not have a stable job and yet takes good care of his children like a responsible parent; providing food, care, after-school care etc. Soon after he finds out that he is suffering from a terminal disease which is incurable and he has